We study the large-time $\ell^p$ behavior of transition densities of an isotropic random walk in homogeneous trees, which are infinite, connected, acyclic graphs in which every vertex has the same degree, and can be thought as discrete counterparts of hyperbolic space. Caloric functions of interest are then convolutions of these transition densities with a finitely supported initial condition, and we are interested in their large time behavior in $\ell^p$ norm.

For each $p \in [1, \infty]$, we introduce a notion of a $p$-mass function and prove that caloric functions with compactly supported initial data, asymptotically decouple as the product of this mass function the transition density. Using tools of Fourier analysis available on such graphs, we show that this function even boils down to a constant, still depending on $p$, if the initial condition is radial, that is, depends only on the distance to the origin. Determining the spatial concentration of the densities in $p$-norm plays an important role, in turn clarifying the interplay between the exponential volume growth of the graph and heat diffusion. The results extend to affine buildings, even exotic ones beyond the Bruhat–Tits framework.

Joint work with B. Trojan.

En mécanique quantique, le principe d’incertitude d’Heisenberg stipule qu’on ne peut connaître simultanément avec précision la position et la vitesse d’une particule. Cette célèbre inégalité relie en réalité une fonction et sa transformée de Fourier.
En 1989, motivés par des applications en traitement du signal, Donoho et Stark donnent un nouveau principe d’incertitude, non plus pour des fonctions définies sur $\mathbb{R}$ mais sur un groupe abélien fini. Ce dernier a ensuite été significativement amélioré : en 2006, Tao prouve ce qu’on appelle un principe d’incertitude fort pour des fonctions définies sur $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$, où $p$ est premier. Plus récemment, en 2021, Garcia, Karaali et Katz généralisent ce principe aux corps finis, pour des fonctions vérifiant une certaine condition de symétrie qu’on détaillera.
Dans cet exposé, on présentera une généralisation du principe d’incertitude fort pour des groupes abéliens finis quelconques. Nous verrons à quel point ce dernier est restrictif, et nous décrirons les cas pour lesquels il est vérifié. Enfin, nous terminerons avec une application en combinatoire additive, plus précisément un théorème de type Cauchy-Davenport sur les corps finis.
Cet exposé est issu d’un travail en collaboration avec Angelot Behajaina.

The discrepancy of a distribution of $N$ points in the torus $T^d$ with respect to a given family of test sets measures how far the points are from being uniformly distributed over that family. When the family consists of all translates of a fixed set, one can consider the $L^2$-average of the discrepancy over translations and use Fourier analytical methods to understand its size. Sharp lower bounds for such $L^2$ discrepancy in terms of $N$ are known for wide classes of sets in $T^2$, but much less is known in higher dimensions. In this talk, I will report on recent progress in this direction, focusing on a family of test
sets with “cylindrical” symmetry that can be defined in any dimension. In three dimensions, these sets have the shape of a barrel. They are particularly
interesting because they exhibit geometric features known to play a key role in discrepancy theory: flat regions, curved regions, and corners. Joint work with
Luca Brandolini and Alessandro Monguzzi.

En 1999, Wen Chao Lu a donné une démonstration par l’analyse réelle du théorème des nombres premiers avec terme d’erreur, “à epsilon près” celui obtenu un siècle auparavant par La Vallée Poussin au moyen de l’analyse complexe. En 2024, Gozé a, dans sa thèse, donné une version quantitative de ce résultat.

Dans un travail en cours avec Gozé et Bruno Martin, nous reprenons les démonstrations de Lu et Gozé, et tentons d’en dégager les idées essentielles. L’exposé présentera sous une forme simple certaines d’entre elles.

Résumé

In this talk I will present the problem of finding extremal potentials for the functional determinant of a one-dimensional Schrödinger operator defined on a bounded interval with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We consider potentials in a fixed $L^q$ space with $qgeq 1$. Functional determinants of Sturm-Liouville operators with smooth potentials or with potentials with prescribed singularities have been widely studied, I will present a short review of these results and will explain how to extend the definition of the functional determinant to potentials in $L^q$. The maximization problem turns out to be equivalent to a problem in optimal control. I will explain how we obtain existence and uniqueness of the maximizers. The results presented in the talk are join work with J-B. Caillau (UCDA, CNRS, Inria, LJAD) and P. Freitas (Lisboa).

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Résumé

For an arbitrary morphism of (super)manifolds, the pull-back is a linear map of the space of functions. In 2014 Th.Voronov have introduced thick morphisms of (super)manifolds which define a generally non-linear pull-back of functions. This construction was introduced as an adequate tool to describe L-infinity morphisms of algebras of functions provided with the structure of a homotopy Poisson algebra. It turns out that if you go down from `heaven to earth’, and consider usual (not super!) manifolds, then we come to constructions which have natural interpretation in classical and quantum mechanics. In particular in this case the geometrical object which defines the thick diffeomorphism becomes an action of classsical mecanics, and pull-back of the thick diffeomorphism with a quadratic action give a spinor representation. I will define a thick morphism and will tell shortly about their application in homotopy Poisson algebras. Then I will discuss the relation of thick morphisms with notions such as the action in classical mechanics and spinors. The talk is based on the work: “Thick morphisms of supermanifolds, quantum mechanics and spinor representation’, J.Geom. and Phys., 2019, article Number: 103540, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.geomphys.2019.103540, arXiv:1909.00290 Authors: Hovhannes Khudaverdian, Theodore Voronov

https://iecl.univ-lorraine.fr/Les-Seminaires/Theorie-Des-Nombres/wolfcms/seminaire.html

Résumé

We study a specific Poincaré-Sobolev inequality in bounded domains, that has recently been used to prove a semi-classical bound on the kinetic energy of fermionic many-body states. The corresponding inequality in the entire space is precisely scale invariant and this gives rise to an interesting phenomenon. Optimizers exist for some (most ?) domains and do not exist for some other domains, at least for the isosceles triangle in two dimensions. In this talk, I will discuss bounds on the constant in the inequality and the proofs of existence and non-existence. This is joint work with Rafael Benguria and Cristà³bal Vallejos (PUC, Chile).

Résumé

Le théorème de Hohenberg-Kohn est un résultat fondamental de la mécanique quantique à  N corps, il prouve l’injectivité de l’application allant des champs électriques vers l’état du système quantique électronique ou nucléaire à  l’équilibre. Il justifie la Density functional theory, qui est la méthode la plus utilisée pour étudier pratiquement les systèmes électroniques à  l’échelle microscopique. Nous introduirons le contexte mathématique, puis le théorème, et nous montrerons en quoi sa preuve repose sur un résultat de continuation unique forte. Enfin, nous essaierons d’étendre le théorème à  des champs magnétiques, des potentiels non locaux, des interactions et des températures positives, ce qui soulève des questions mathématiques nouvelles d’unicité.